ATMOSPHERE LAYER OF EARTH

ATMOSPHERE LAYER OF EARTH

EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

 

The Earth's atmosphere, also known as the atmosphere, is a layer of mixed gas that surrounds the earth due to gravity. It is the outermost gas circle of the earth and surrounds the ocean and land. There is no exact upper boundary of the atmosphere. It is 2000-16000 kilometers from the surface. There are still thin gases and elementary particles at high altitudes, and there will be a small amount of gas in the ground, soil and some rocks. They can also be regarded as components of the atmosphere. The main components of the Earth’s atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and to 0.04% of the trace gas, these mixed gases are called air. The total mass of the earth’s atmosphere is about 5.15×1018 kg, which is equivalent to 0.86 parts per million of the total mass of the earth. Due to the gravity of the earth, almost all the gas is concentrated in the hot layer 100 kilometers above the ground, 99% of which are within 25-30 kilometers. The high density of the earth’s atmosphere makes the air pressure on the surface quite amazing. The pressure of air per square meter at sea level is as high as 11 Metric tons, and the air quality per cubic meter can reach as much as 1.29kg. The atmosphere protects the surface from direct exposure to solar radiation, especially ultraviolet rays; it can also reduce the occurrence of extreme temperature differences during the day, and is also indispensable for life.

 

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION

 

The early atmosphere of the earth is completely different from the current atmosphere, and is rich in volcanic eruptive gases, such as carbon dioxide. Part of the Earth’s atmosphere may originate outside the solar system. The current atmosphere contains only a very small amount of carbon dioxide and is rich in oxygen. The reason for the change is the early life form-microorganisms inhale carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. These microbes are collectively known as blue-green algae, relying on photosynthesis to produce energy; they are very similar to the early organisms that produce oxygen.

 

PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE

 

Pressumly composed of methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), water (H2O), etc. Because the gases emitted by volcanic eruptions are carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and water vapor (H2O), these gases before the earth cools Fly into the sky and wait for the earth to cool. The escaped gas covers the earth due to gravity to form the most primitive atmosphere. Among them, water vapor condenses into water, and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide dissolve in water to become a solution, so ammonia, hydrogen, and methane remain in the atmosphere, which is what humans think of the original atmosphere.

 

In 1953, Harold Yuri and Stanley Miller completed the classic experiment of the origin of life. The Miller-Yuri experiment found that after the mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water was discharged, it would become many organic compounds including life Essential ingredients-amino acids.

 

EARLY ATMOSPHERE

Because of the frequent volcanic eruptions in the early days of the earth, many carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas were emitted. Therefore, the main components of the atmosphere at that time were carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen.

 

PRESENT ATMOSPHERE

The main components are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water, etc. The composition ratio varies with time and place, among which the change rate of carbon dioxide is the largest. The atmosphere is not uniform in density, but has the highest density at sea level, and the density gradually decreases upward. About 50% of the atmosphere is concentrated within 5.6 kilometers above sea level, and about 80% is concentrated within 13 kilometers above sea level. At present, about 90% of the main source of oxygen in the atmosphere comes from the photosynthesis of plants in the waters.

 

TROPOSPHERE

The atmosphere closest to the ground is called the troposphere, including the atmospheric boundary layer and the free atmosphere, with an average height of about 10 kilometers. The height of the troposphere changes with latitude and the highest in the equator is about 15 kilometers, and the lowest in the Polar Regions is about 8 kilometers. As the name implies, the troposphere is the region with the strongest convection and the place where weather phenomena occur. About 80% of the water vapor in the atmosphere exists in the troposphere, so it is also the area where evaporation, clouds, rain, etc. occur most often. On average, the temperature of the troposphere decreases with height. For every 100 meters of rise, the temperature drops by about 0.6°C.

 

STRATOSPHERE

Contains ozone, has the function of absorbing ultraviolet rays, protects the survival of all living things on the earth and the surface from the deadly attack of strong ultraviolet rays in sunlight, also called stratosphere. Because the ozone layer inside the stratosphere has the function of absorbing solar radiation, the air temperature in this layer will increase with altitude.

 

 

MIDDLE GAS LAYER

The main components of this layer are oxides of ozone, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. These parts are the products caused by photochemical action, so they are also called: photochemical layer. The temperature drops as the altitude increases.

 

TEMPERATURE-INCREASING LAYER

Also known as the hot gas layer, the air is extremely thin, and the ions are particularly large. The temperature is quite high, and the temperature increases with height

 

IONOSPHERE

Define the ionosphere as an ionization region of the earth's atmosphere. The entire Earth's atmosphere over 60 kilometers is in a partially ionized or fully ionized state. The ionosphere is a partially ionized atmospheric region, and the fully ionized atmospheric region is called the magnetosphere. Some people refer to the entire ionized atmosphere as the ionosphere, which makes the magnetosphere a part of the ionosphere, about 10 to 80 kilometers from the surface of the earth. The dissipative layer is above the warm layer and is composed of charged particles.

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