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HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY


HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY

Astronomy has a very long history. Astronomy can be described as an ancient science in human history. From the beginning of human understanding of the changes in astrology, astronomy has begun to sprout. People have produced astronomy in order to study and formulate various times or seasons (for example: seasons or calendars), and even some are derived from divination-many people use horoscopes for divination, namely astrology.

It can be said that astronomy has developed for so long, and it is also very meaningful to study its history. This is also an important direction in astronomy research. In particular, various astronomical phenomena recorded in history are very important and precious materials in some fields of astronomical research today. It is because of the continuous accumulation of data that the subsequent development of astronomy has been considerable. Therefore, the history of astronomy has become an important branch of astronomy.

Early astronomy was dedicated to the development of bright celestial bodies visible on the celestial sphere, especially the sun, moon, stars, and planets visible to the naked eye. An example of early astronomical research is the annual change in the position of the sun on the horizon in the stars, which can be used to establish agricultural ceremonies or calendars. In some cultures, astronomical data is used for predictions in astrology.

Ancient astronomers have been able to distinguish between stars and planets. In comparison, stars have remained fixed for centuries, but planets will move in a short time.
Early History
Early cultures marked celestial bodies with myths and souls. They believe that phenomena caused by these celestial bodies (and their movements) include rain, drought, seasons and tides. It is also generally believed that the first professional astronomer is a priest (such as a monk). They understand that the sky is sacred, so ancient astronomy is now linked to what is now called astrology. The ancient structure may be related to astronomical calibration (like Stonehenge), and may be fully compatible with astronomical and religious functions. Calendars around the world are set based on the sun and the moon (measuring the year, month, and day), which is very important for agricultural festivals and gives the correct time to harvest each year. The most common Western calendar is now based on the Roman calendar, which divides a year into 31 days for the large month and 30 days for the small month, alternating 12 months. In 46 BC, Caesar adopted a calendar reform of 365 1/4 days a year proposed by the Greek astronomer Callippus, which originated in the 4th century BC.
Astronomy in East Asia originated in China, and solar terms had already appeared during the Warring States period. The knowledge of Chinese astronomy is spreading in East Asia.

Astronomy has a long history in China. It has detailed astronomical records from the 6th century BC. Before the intervention of Western astronomy and telescopes in the 17th century, Chinese astronomers had recorded comets and sunspots. The Chinese were able to predict the lunar eclipse very early, but the eclipse was not accurately predicted. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the observing eclipse game between Chinese officials and the Western missionaries ended in China's failure.

The purpose of most early Chinese astronomy is to maintain time. The calendar used in China is a combination of yin and yang calendars, but because the cycles of the sun and the moon are not very consistent, new calendars are often revised and changed, and the main purpose of astronomical observations is to create calendars. The main purpose of the calendar is to show the orthodox of the dynasty. Therefore, every time the dynasty changes, China will change the calendar.

Astrology is a major part of Chinese astronomy. The Chinese believe that astronomical phenomena are closely related to the national luck of the earthly dynasty. Therefore, the Chinese celestial guard is very careful and careful about the "guest stars" that accidentally appear between stars. There are the world's earliest supernova records. In the astrology of "Hou Han Shu", there are supernova records in 185 AD. The supernova that created the Crab Nebula was also observed by the Chinese Ministry of Supervision in 1054 AD and recorded as a "King stars", records of astronomical events such as ancient comets and supernovae, are very valuable for the study of modern astronomy.

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